Articles by Laurent Costa
Avant-Propos
Laurent Costa, François Djindjian, François Giligny
Abstract
Preface to Supplement 5 - 2014.
Méthodologies et apports du projet ALPAGE pour l’espace parisien médiéval: l’exemple du géocodage des contribuables vers 1300
Caroline Bourlet, Laurent Costa, Hélène Noizet
Abstract
The ALPAGE project is conducted by a large team of archaeologists, historians, geomatics and computer scientists coordinated by Hélène Noizet, totalling about twenty researchers from several laboratories, including the LAMOP, ArScAn, LIENS, L3i as well as IGN-COGIT, IRHT, and the Centre de topographie historique de Paris (National Archives). Together they built a historical GIS, in order to examine the spatial dimension of historical events for the city of Paris. The project began in September 2006, lasted 44 months, and it is now hosted by the TGE Humanum (http://alpage.huma-num.fr/fr/). Through a digital webmapping platform accessible via the Internet, information co-produced by the researchers can be superimposed on present-day spatial data (blocks, parcels, roads, addresses). After presenting the general framework of the project and the application of webmapping tools, the authors illustrate the results coming from the analysis of a database which collects a series of tax records dating back to the period of Philippe le Bel, conducted together with the IRHT-CNRS, and its integration within the ALPAGE GIS platform.
La mise en place d’un observatoire des pratiques géomatiques dans les organisations de l’archéologie
Abstract
This study deals with the impact of the Geographical Information Systems (GIS) on the French institutions for archaeological research. The practices of GIS follow a global evolution. With the dematerialization of the data and the systems, we are actually in a process which proposes new modes of data management and new working processes. On the occasion of a PhD research at the University of Paris Ouest-Nanterre, we conducted an examination of projects drawn from various contexts of French archaeology: archaeological services of regions with a measure of autonomy, national institute of preventive archaeological research (Inrap), Ministry of Cultural Heritage, University and institutes of research. It gave us the opportunity to analyze the peculiarities and durability of the practices connected to GIS. This double initiative shows us the relevance of questioning the format techniques and the methods by which their tools are implemented, in order to take into account the specificities of the technology and the differences in rationalities and perceptions of the archaeologists. It highlights the strategic aspect of mutualization and sharing of equipment, data and skills.
WEBMAPPING DANS LES SCIENCES HISTORIQUES ET ARCHÉOLOGIQUES, ACTES DU COLLOQUE INTERNATIONAL (Paris, 3-4 juin 2008)
François Djindjian, Hélène Noizet, Laurent Costa, Frédéric Pouget
ALPAGE: towards the setting-up of a collaborative work tool
Hélène Noizet, Alain Dallo, Georges-Xavier Blary, Laurent Costa, Frédéric Pouget
Abstract
Alpage program, based on a collaboration between historians, geographers and computer researchers, aims to build a historical GIS of Paris. First, we reconstructed the pre-Haussmannian plan of Paris by georeferencing and vectorizing the survey of the cadastre made by P. Vasserot (1810-1836). Then, on these fundamental layers, historical information layers, like medieval and modern ones, will be built by different researchers according to their specific interests (churches, town walls, fiefs, parishes, etc.). Since this tool is technologically complex and since it is intended to be a reference work for further historical studies about Paris, we must immediately take into consideration the organization of further collaborative work. Accessing the GIS data, both to share them with different types of users and to edit new data in it, is an essential question, although it is often considered a trivial one. The issue of the use of a tool by the researchers seems nevertheless to be decisive and intrinsically linked to the success of a GIS. Meeting the needs and expectations of the users, webmapping might be a good solution for editing the geometric and attribute data in a GIS. But today, setting up this kind of platform for collaborative work is still difficult and time consuming. That is why, for Alpage, a temporary solution was found, revealing what organization theorists call a “community of practice”: it combines a centralized management of the references and object identifiers via the web and an independent edition of the objects by thematicians on their own computers. For this reason the DBMS ALPAGE-References has been adapted and posted on the website of the LAMOP.
«Archeologia e Calcolatori» 2008, 19, 87-102; doi: 10.19282/ac.19.2008.08
Vers la mise en réseau des données et des chercheurs: le système d’information de la prospection d’Itanos (Crète oriental)
Laurent Costa, Alain Duplouy, Franck Eyraud, Apostolos Sarris
Abstract
As part of the archaeological research program conducted in Itanos since 1994, an archaeological survey was carried out on a substantial portion (about 20 sq. km) of the territory of the ancient city. The area surrounding Itanos offers an exceptional site that has not been occupied by any important human settlement since the Middle Ages. It thus appears as a fossilized map of the ancient occupation and presents an exceptional case in the history of the Cretan landscape. During the past few years, archaeologists have collected a huge quantity of information, that will now be presented to the scholarly community. All data have been organized in a database that is fully compatible with a GIS system. Since 2006 this searchable database offering the records of the survey has been made available online on the website of the French School of Archaeology. It is the intent of this article to present the heuristic and technical principles which lie at the basis of the project. Moreover, a GIS platform, offering a digital elevation model and a chronological distribution of all the archaeological sites surveyed, has recently been accessible on the website of the Institute for Mediterranean Studies. This GIS platform will be continually augmented by additional data and will eventually offer a powerful interpretive tool to archaeologists, which will integrate the physical conditions of the landscape which are at the core of historical explanation.
«Archeologia e Calcolatori» 2008, 19, 103-122; doi: 10.19282/ac.19.2008.09
Développement d’un outil de géo collaboration au sein d’une collectivité territoriale: l’exemple de l’Atlas historique du Val-d’Oise
Laurent Costa, Sandrine Robert
Abstract
The Historic Atlas of Val-d’Oise is a tool with the objective to propose information concerning the evolution of the territory of Val-d’Oise. This application is an important step towards the development of the archaeological GIS project which is now a part of the Val-d’Oise Department project of GIS. The interpretation of the evolution of this project shows us how the archaeological methodologies develop with these tools, and how the informational and the technological foundation gives us the opportunity to develop this online application.
«Archeologia e Calcolatori» 2008, 19, 123-136; doi: 10.19282/ac.19.2008.10
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